Wireless Water Quality Monitoring System - Electronic Engineering Guide
1. Introduction
The Wireless Water Quality Monitoring System is designed to remotely measure and report water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, and temperature. It is used in environmental monitoring, aquaculture, and water treatment plants to ensure safe water quality.
2. Objectives
• To monitor real-time water quality using sensors.
• To transmit sensor data wirelessly to a remote server or display unit.
• To provide early alerts for water contamination.
3. Components Required
• Arduino Uno or NodeMCU (ESP8266/ESP32)
• pH Sensor
• Turbidity Sensor
• Temperature Sensor (e.g., DS18B20)
• Wi-Fi Module (inbuilt with ESP8266/ESP32)
• LCD Display (optional)
• Power Supply
• Jumper Wires, Breadboard
4. System Overview
Sensors collect water quality data and send it to a microcontroller. The data is processed and transmitted wirelessly using Wi-Fi. The data can be viewed on a web server, IoT dashboard, or mobile app.
5. Sensor Configuration
• pH Sensor measures the acidity/alkalinity of water.
• Turbidity Sensor detects suspended particles in water.
• Temperature Sensor monitors water temperature.
• All sensors are calibrated before use and connected to analog or digital pins
of the microcontroller.
6. Wireless Communication Setup
• Use an ESP8266 or ESP32 board with inbuilt Wi-Fi.
• Connect the board to a Wi-Fi network.
• Send data to an IoT platform like Blynk, ThingSpeak, or a custom web server
via HTTP or MQTT.
7. Microcontroller and Data Processing
• Read analog values from pH and turbidity sensors.
• Convert raw sensor data to meaningful units (e.g., °C, NTU, pH).
• Send data periodically over the network.
• Display values locally or remotely.
8. Circuit Design and Working
• Connect each sensor to appropriate pins of ESP8266/ESP32.
• Use voltage dividers or conditioning circuits if needed.
• Power sensors and microcontroller with a stable supply (e.g., 5V via USB or
battery).
9. Software and Code Explanation
ESP8266 Code Snippet:
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ThingSpeak.h>
WiFiClient client;
const char* ssid = "yourSSID";
const char* password = "yourPASS";
unsigned long myChannelNumber = 123456;
const char* myWriteAPIKey = "APIKEY";
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
ThingSpeak.begin(client);
}
void loop() {
int pH = analogRead(A0);
int turbidity = analogRead(A1);
ThingSpeak.writeField(myChannelNumber,
1, pH, myWriteAPIKey);
ThingSpeak.writeField(myChannelNumber,
2, turbidity, myWriteAPIKey);
delay(15000);
}
10. Applications
• Water treatment plants
• Aquaculture and fish farming
• River and lake monitoring
• Drinking water quality assessment
11. Challenges and Enhancements
• Sensor calibration and drift over time
• Reliable wireless connectivity in remote areas
• Battery life optimization
• Cloud-based analytics and alerts
12. Conclusion
The Wireless Water Quality Monitoring System provides a scalable and efficient solution for remote water monitoring. With real-time data transmission, it helps maintain safe water standards and enables proactive environmental management.