Wireless Power Transmission System - Electronic Engineering Guide
1. Introduction
Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) refers to the transfer of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without connecting wires. This project demonstrates a basic implementation using resonant inductive coupling.
2. Objectives
• To understand the concept of wireless power transmission.
• To construct a basic wireless power transmitter and receiver circuit.
• To explore the parameters affecting efficiency such as distance and coil
alignment.
3. Components Required
• Transmitter coil (copper wire)
• Receiver coil (copper wire)
• MOSFET or transistor driver circuit
• Capacitors for tuning (resonance)
• Power supply (12V DC)
• LED (as load indicator)
• Resistors, Diodes
• Breadboard and jumper wires
4. Principle of Operation
This project is based on resonant inductive coupling. Alternating current through the transmitter coil produces a magnetic field that induces a current in the nearby receiver coil tuned to the same frequency.
5. Circuit Diagram and Explanation
The transmitter circuit consists of a high-frequency oscillator (often using a MOSFET) that drives the primary coil. The receiver coil is connected to a resonant circuit that powers the load (e.g., LED). Both coils must be tuned for optimal resonance.
6. Working Mechanism
When the power supply is switched on, the oscillator drives the transmitter coil, creating an oscillating magnetic field. This magnetic field induces a voltage in the nearby receiver coil, which is converted into usable DC power to light an LED or other small loads.
7. Applications
• Wireless charging of mobile devices
• Biomedical implants (e.g., pacemakers)
• Contactless charging pads
• Electric vehicle charging
8. Limitations and Safety Considerations
• Efficiency drops significantly with distance and
misalignment.
• Magnetic fields must be shielded to avoid interference with other
electronics.
• Not suitable for high-power applications without significant design
modifications.
9. Testing and Results
Test the system by aligning the coils at different distances and orientations. Measure the voltage and current at the load. Observe how efficiency changes with coil separation and alignment.
10. Conclusion
The Wireless Power Transmission System is a fascinating demonstration of electromagnetic theory in action. It provides a practical foundation for understanding modern wireless charging technologies.