Smart Helmet for Motorcyclists with Safety Features - Electronic Engineering Guide
1. Introduction
A Smart Helmet for Motorcyclists with Safety Features integrates electronics to improve rider safety. This includes crash detection, alcohol sensing, helmet usage detection, and emergency alert systems. The system uses sensors and microcontrollers to monitor and respond to rider conditions in real time.
2. Objectives
• To develop a helmet that ensures safety compliance and
alerts emergency contacts in case of accidents.
• To detect alcohol consumption and restrict vehicle operation.
• To implement real-time crash monitoring and alerting.
3. Components Required
• Arduino Nano/Uno or ESP32 (for Wi-Fi or Bluetooth communication)
• Accelerometer and Gyroscope (e.g., MPU6050)
• Alcohol Sensor (MQ-3 or MQ-135)
• RF module (or Bluetooth module like HC-05)
• Vibration sensor or piezoelectric sensor
• Buzzer and LED indicators
• Battery pack and voltage regulators
• Helmet casing for integration
• GSM module (SIM800L) or IoT service for alerting
4. System Overview
The smart helmet detects helmet wearing, alcohol presence, and crash events using sensors. It sends alerts to emergency contacts using GSM or Bluetooth. A relay may control vehicle ignition based on safety checks.
5. Helmet Sensor Integration
Sensors are integrated inside the helmet shell. The alcohol sensor is placed near the mouth area. The accelerometer detects impact or falls. Helmet wear detection is implemented using pressure or IR sensors. The system is connected wirelessly or via RF to the bike unit controlling ignition.
6. Circuit Design and Working
The alcohol sensor’s analog output is read by the microcontroller. Accelerometer readings are analyzed for sudden spikes indicating impact. Helmet status and alcohol levels are checked before vehicle ignition is allowed. On crash detection, the GSM module sends SMS to predefined numbers.
7. Software and Programming
Arduino IDE is used for programming. Thresholds are set for
crash and alcohol detection. GSM AT commands are used to send SMS.
Example Code Snippet:
int alcoholPin = A0;
int buzzer = 8;
int helmetWorn = 7;
void setup() {
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(helmetWorn, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
int alcoholLevel =
analogRead(alcoholPin);
bool helmet = digitalRead(helmetWorn);
if (alcoholLevel > 300 || !helmet) {
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
// Block ignition
} else {
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
}
8. Applications
• Motorcycle safety enforcement
• Alcohol detection for delivery personnel
• Real-time accident monitoring
• Emergency notification systems
9. Safety and Design Considerations
• Ensure helmet comfort and weight are not compromised.
• Use insulated and shockproof electronics.
• Secure battery and sensor placement to avoid dislodging.
• Use waterproof casing for electronic modules.
10. Conclusion
The Smart Helmet project offers a blend of safety, automation, and communication, enhancing motorcycle riding experience. It promotes responsible driving behavior and facilitates emergency response in case of accidents.