Fingerprint-Based Door Locking System: Computer Engineering Guide
1. Introduction
Overview of the project.
Objectives of the system: Develop a secure and efficient fingerprint-based door locking system to enhance home and office security.
Scope of the system: Applicable for residential buildings, offices, and secure facilities.
2. Requirements Analysis
Functional Requirements:
· - User registration and fingerprint enrollment.
· - Fingerprint scanning for door access.
· - Data storage for authorized fingerprints.
· - Generate logs for access attempts.
Non-Functional Requirements:
· - High accuracy in fingerprint recognition.
· - Robust and tamper-proof design.
· - Low power consumption for hardware components.
3. System Design
Architecture:
· - Embedded system with fingerprint sensor, microcontroller, and door locking mechanism.
· - Integration with mobile app for remote management (optional).
Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs):
· - Level 0: Overview of user interaction, fingerprint scanning, and door locking.
· - Level 1: Detailed processes for fingerprint enrollment, verification, and access logging.
Database Design:
· - Tables: User Data, Fingerprints, Access Logs.
4. Technology Stack
Hardware:
· - Fingerprint sensor: Optical or capacitive sensors like R305 or FPM10A.
· - Microcontroller: Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or ESP32 for processing and control.
· - Door lock: Solenoid lock or servo-based mechanism.
Software:
· - Embedded programming in C/C++ for microcontroller firmware.
· - Mobile app development (optional) using Flutter or React Native.
· - Backend server (optional) for data management using Python (Flask/Django).
5. Implementation
Fingerprint Enrollment:
· - Develop a module to register and store user fingerprints securely.
· - Ensure data is encrypted and protected against unauthorized access.
Fingerprint Verification:
· - Compare scanned fingerprints with stored data using matching algorithms.
· - Allow or deny access based on match results.
Access Logs:
· - Maintain a record of access attempts including date, time, and user details.
· - Provide logs through a display or mobile app (optional).
Door Lock Mechanism:
· - Integrate the locking system with the microcontroller for seamless operation.
· - Ensure fail-safe mechanisms in case of power failure.
6. Security
Encrypt fingerprint data and communication between components.
Implement authentication for system management via a secure app or interface.
Design hardware to prevent tampering.
7. Testing
Unit Testing: Validate individual components like fingerprint enrollment and door locking.
Integration Testing: Ensure seamless interaction between sensors, microcontrollers, and locks.
System Testing: Test the entire system under various scenarios for accuracy and reliability.
Performance Testing: Assess the system’s response time and error rate.
8. Deployment
Install the hardware at the desired location.
Provide setup instructions and user guides.
Conduct training sessions for users if needed.
9. Maintenance and Updates
Regularly update the firmware for improved performance and security.
Monitor system logs for troubleshooting.
Replace hardware components like sensors or locks when necessary.
10. Appendix
Glossary of terms.
References and additional resources.