Electronic Engineering Project Guide: Automatic Street Lighting System
Project Title: Automatic Street Lighting System
1. Introduction
The Automatic Street Lighting System is designed to automatically turn on and off street lights depending on the ambient light conditions. The system uses light-dependent resistors (LDR) and microcontrollers to detect the intensity of sunlight and manage the lighting accordingly. This system helps in conserving energy and reducing manual intervention.
2. Objectives
- To develop an automatic control system for street lights.
- To minimize energy consumption by switching off lights during daytime.
- To use sensors for detecting light intensity to trigger the lights.
3. Components Required
- Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
- Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino Uno)
- Relay Module
- LED or Bulb (for simulation)
- Resistors
- Breadboard and Jumper Wires
- Power Supply (Battery or Adapter)
4. System Design
The LDR senses the ambient light. When the light intensity drops below a predefined threshold, the microcontroller receives the signal and activates the relay to turn ON the street light. When the light intensity increases, the relay turns the light OFF.
5. Circuit Diagram Description
Connect the LDR in a voltage divider configuration to one of the analog pins of the microcontroller. Use a digital output pin to control the relay, which switches the lamp circuit. Proper safety isolation must be ensured between the microcontroller and high voltage components.
6. Working Principle
During the daytime, the resistance of the LDR is low, so the voltage at the analog pin is low, and the microcontroller keeps the light OFF. At night, the resistance increases due to reduced light, changing the voltage at the analog pin, prompting the microcontroller to switch ON the light via the relay.
7. Software Requirements
- Arduino IDE
- Embedded C programming
- Serial Monitor (for debugging)
8. Advantages
- Energy-efficient
- Automated control
- Low maintenance
- Eco-friendly
9. Applications
- Street lighting in cities and villages
- Campus lighting systems
- Parking lots and industrial areas
10. Conclusion
The Automatic Street Lighting System provides a smart solution for managing street lights efficiently. It demonstrates the application of basic electronics and embedded systems for real-world problems, promoting energy conservation.