Automated Irrigation System Using IoT: Computer Engineering Guide
1. Introduction
Overview of the project.
Objectives of the system.
Scope of the system.
2. Requirements Analysis
Functional Requirements:
· - Sensor-based soil moisture detection.
· - Real-time data transmission to the cloud.
· - Automated water pump activation.
· - User notification and manual override.
Non-Functional Requirements:
· - Scalability for large farms.
· - High reliability and fault tolerance.
· - Energy efficiency.
· - Security for data and device control.
3. System Design
Architecture:
· - IoT-based architecture with edge computing and cloud integration.
· - Wireless communication between sensors and the central hub.
Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs):
· - Level 0: Overview of data flow from sensors to users.
· - Level 1: Modules like Data Collection, Processing, and Actuation.
Database Design:
· - Tables: Sensor Data, User Settings, Alerts, Device Logs.
4. Technology Stack
Hardware:
· - Microcontroller: Arduino or Raspberry Pi.
· - Sensors: Soil moisture sensor, temperature and humidity sensors, water flow sensor.
· - Actuators: Relay module for pump control.
Software:
· - IoT Platform: ThingsBoard, AWS IoT, or Google Cloud IoT.
· - Programming Languages: Python, C++, or Node.js.
Communication Protocols:
· - MQTT, HTTP, or CoAP.
Database:
· - Cloud-based storage: Firebase, AWS RDS, or MongoDB Atlas.
5. Implementation
Hardware Setup:
· - Connect sensors and actuators to the microcontroller.
· - Configure wireless modules for internet connectivity.
Software Development:
· - Write firmware for sensor data collection and actuation.
· - Develop a backend server for data processing and storage.
· - Create a frontend or mobile app for user interaction.
IoT Integration:
· - Implement MQTT for real-time communication.
· - Integrate with an IoT platform for visualization and alerts.
6. Security
Secure communication using TLS for MQTT.
Authentication mechanisms for device and user access.
Regular firmware updates to patch vulnerabilities.
7. Testing
Hardware Testing: Validate sensor accuracy and actuator response.
Integration Testing: Ensure communication between hardware and software.
System Testing: Test the system under various environmental conditions.
User Testing: Gather feedback on user interface and notifications.
8. Deployment
Deploy IoT devices in the field with a stable power supply.
Cloud deployment for backend services.
Configure and test mobile or web app for user interaction.
9. Maintenance and Updates
Regular hardware checks for wear and tear.
Periodic calibration of sensors.
Software updates for enhanced functionality and security.
10. Appendix
Glossary of terms.
References and resources.